Nambu was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1921. After graduating from the then Fukui Secondary High School in Fukui City, he enrolled in theTokyo Imperial University and studied physics. He received his B.S. in 1942 and D.Sc. in 1952. In 1949 he was appointed to associate professor at the Osaka City University and promoted to professorship next year at the age of 29.
In 1952 he was invited by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey to study. He moved to the University of Chicago in 1954 and was promoted to professor in 1958. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1970.
He is famous for having proposed the "color charge" of quantum chromodynamics, for having done early work on spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics, and for having discovered that the dual resonance model could be explained as a quantum mechanical theory of strings. He is accounted as one of the founders of string theory.
After more than 50 years as a professor, he is now its Henry Pratt Judson Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at its Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute.
The Nambu-Goto action in string theory is named after Nambu and Tetsuo Goto. Also, massless bosons arising in field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking are sometimes referred to as Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
One of his friend that also got the honour to receive the nobel is Makoto Kobayashi.
Makoto Kobayashi (小林 誠 Kobayashi Makoto) born April 7, 1944 in Nagoya, Japan. After completing his PhD at Nagoya University in 1972, Kobayashi worked as a research associate on particle physics at Kyoto University. Together, with his colleague Toshihide Maskawa, he worked on explaining CP-violation within the Standard Model of particle physics. Kobayashi and Maskawa's theory required that there were at least three generations of quarks, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally four years later by the discovery of the bottom quark.
Kobayashi and Maskawa's article, "CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction", published in 1973, is the fourth most cited high energy physics paper of all time as of 2008. The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, which defines the mixing parameters between quarks was the result of this work. Kobayashi and Maskawa were jointly awarded half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work, with the other half going to Yoichiro Nambu.
The third work partner is Toshihide Maskawa (or Masukawa) (益川 敏英 Masukawa Toshihide).
Born February 7, 1940 in Nagoya, Japan. A native of Aichi Prefecture, Maskawa graduated from Nagoya University in 1962 and received a Ph.D in particle physics from the same university in 1967. At Kyoto University in the early 1970's, he collaborated with Makoto Kobayashi on explaining broken symmetry (theCP violation) within the Standard Model of particle physics. Maskawa and Kobayashi's theory required that there be at least three familiesof quarks, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally four years later by the discovery of the bottom quark.
Maskawa was Director of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics from 1997 to 2003. He is now professor emeritus of Kyoto University and professor of Kyoto Sangyo University.
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